diff --git a/roles/configuration/defaults/main.yml b/roles/configuration/defaults/main.yml
index 2b0d3cc..430e6b2 100644
--- a/roles/configuration/defaults/main.yml
+++ b/roles/configuration/defaults/main.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
 ---
-# Network configuration dispatch - maps OS name to the task file
-# that writes network config. Default (NetworkManager) applies to
-# all OSes not explicitly listed.
-configuration_network_task_map: {}
+# Network backend is detected per host from the target rootfs in network.yml;
+# no static map needed.
diff --git a/roles/configuration/tasks/network.yml b/roles/configuration/tasks/network.yml
index b53b8f5..32a3e42 100644
--- a/roles/configuration/tasks/network.yml
+++ b/roles/configuration/tasks/network.yml
@@ -1,38 +1,51 @@
 ---
-- name: Read network interfaces
-  ansible.builtin.command:
-    argv:
-      - ip
-      - -o
-      - link
-      - show
-  register: configuration_ip_link
-  changed_when: false
-  failed_when: false
-
-- name: Detect available network interface names
-  vars:
-    configuration_detected_interfaces: >-
-      {{
-        configuration_ip_link.stdout
-        | default('')
-        | regex_findall('^[0-9]+: ([^:]+):', multiline=True)
-        | reject('equalto', 'lo')
-        | list
-      }}
-  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
-    configuration_detected_interfaces: "{{ configuration_detected_interfaces }}"
-
-- name: Validate at least one network interface detected
-  ansible.builtin.assert:
-    that:
-      - configuration_detected_interfaces | length > 0
-    fail_msg: Failed to detect any network interfaces.
-
 - name: Set DNS configuration facts
   ansible.builtin.set_fact:
     configuration_dns_list: "{{ system_cfg.network.dns.servers }}"
     configuration_dns_search: "{{ system_cfg.network.dns.search }}"
 
-- name: Configure networking
-  ansible.builtin.include_tasks: "{{ configuration_network_task_map[os] | default('network_nm.yml') }}"
+# 2+ unnamed interfaces would all match the first-ethernet glob, leaving the rest unconfigured.
+- name: Require an explicit name on every interface for multi-NIC
+  vars:
+    _unnamed: "{{ system_cfg.network.interfaces | map(attribute='name', default='') | map('string') | select('equalto', '') | list | length }}"
+  ansible.builtin.assert:
+    that:
+      - system_cfg.network.interfaces | length <= 1 or _unnamed == 0
+    fail_msg: >-
+      Multi-NIC (system.network.interfaces with 2+ entries) requires a name on
+      every interface; the first-adapter glob only binds a single NIC.
+
+# Probe /mnt to detect the stack the installed rootfs will run (nothing runs in
+# the chroot). NM is checked first and wins, since bootstrap installs it on every
+# family; the rest are the fallback for a non-NM base image.
+- name: Probe the installed network stack on the target rootfs
+  ansible.builtin.stat:
+    path: "{{ item }}"
+  register: configuration_net_probe
+  loop:
+    - /mnt/usr/bin/nmcli
+    - /mnt/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service
+    - /mnt/usr/sbin/netplan
+    - /mnt/etc/netplan
+    - /mnt/sbin/ifup
+    - /mnt/usr/sbin/ifup
+    - /mnt/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/systemd-networkd.service
+    - /mnt/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.network1.service
+  loop_control:
+    label: "{{ item }}"
+
+- name: Resolve the network backend from the probe
+  vars:
+    _found: "{{ configuration_net_probe.results | selectattr('stat.exists') | map(attribute='item') | list }}"
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    configuration_network_backend: >-
+      {{
+        'nm' if (['/mnt/usr/bin/nmcli', '/mnt/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service'] | intersect(_found))
+        else 'netplan' if (['/mnt/usr/sbin/netplan', '/mnt/etc/netplan'] | intersect(_found))
+        else 'eni' if (['/mnt/sbin/ifup', '/mnt/usr/sbin/ifup'] | intersect(_found))
+        else 'networkd' if (['/mnt/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/systemd-networkd.service', '/mnt/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.network1.service'] | intersect(_found))
+        else 'nm'
+      }}
+
+- name: Configure networking for the detected backend {{ configuration_network_backend }}
+  ansible.builtin.include_tasks: "network_{{ configuration_network_backend }}.yml"
diff --git a/roles/configuration/tasks/network_eni.yml b/roles/configuration/tasks/network_eni.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf2437f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/roles/configuration/tasks/network_eni.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+# ifupdown can't glob iface stanzas (no mapping on ifupdown2/Proxmox), so ENI binds
+# a literal name detected here. The chroot only sees live-ISO names: on a real
+# ifupdown base, set system.network.interfaces[].name to the installed name. Bootstrap
+# installs NetworkManager, so this fires only on a non-NM base image.
+- name: Detect ethernet interface names
+  ansible.builtin.command:
+    argv:
+      - ip
+      - -o
+      - link
+      - show
+  register: configuration_eni_link
+  changed_when: false
+  failed_when: false
+
+- name: Resolve detected ethernet interface names
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    configuration_eni_detected: >-
+      {{
+        configuration_eni_link.stdout | default('')
+        | regex_findall('^[0-9]+: ([^:@]+)[@:].*?link/ether', multiline=True)
+      }}
+
+- name: Ensure the network configuration directory exists
+  ansible.builtin.file:
+    path: /mnt/etc/network
+    state: directory
+    mode: "0755"
+
+- name: Write the ifupdown interfaces file
+  ansible.builtin.template:
+    src: network_eni.j2
+    dest: /mnt/etc/network/interfaces
+    mode: "0644"
diff --git a/roles/configuration/tasks/network_netplan.yml b/roles/configuration/tasks/network_netplan.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a271cde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/roles/configuration/tasks/network_netplan.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+- name: Ensure the netplan directory exists
+  ansible.builtin.file:
+    path: /mnt/etc/netplan
+    state: directory
+    mode: "0755"
+
+- name: Write the netplan configuration
+  ansible.builtin.template:
+    src: network_netplan.j2
+    dest: /mnt/etc/netplan/10-sg.yaml
+    mode: "0600"
diff --git a/roles/configuration/tasks/network_networkd.yml b/roles/configuration/tasks/network_networkd.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33bb272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/roles/configuration/tasks/network_networkd.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+- name: Ensure the systemd-networkd directory exists
+  ansible.builtin.file:
+    path: /mnt/etc/systemd/network
+    state: directory
+    mode: "0755"
+
+- name: Write systemd-networkd configuration per interface
+  vars:
+    configuration_iface: "{{ item }}"
+  ansible.builtin.template:
+    src: network_networkd.j2
+    dest: "/mnt/etc/systemd/network/10-static-{{ idx }}.network"
+    mode: "0644"
+  loop: "{{ system_cfg.network.interfaces }}"
+  loop_control:
+    index_var: idx
+    label: "10-static-{{ idx }}"
diff --git a/roles/configuration/tasks/network_nm.yml b/roles/configuration/tasks/network_nm.yml
index f9be139..83b0700 100644
--- a/roles/configuration/tasks/network_nm.yml
+++ b/roles/configuration/tasks/network_nm.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 - name: Copy NetworkManager keyfile per interface
   vars:
     configuration_iface: "{{ item }}"
-    configuration_iface_name: "{{ item.name | default(configuration_detected_interfaces[idx] | default('')) }}"
     configuration_net_uuid: "{{ ('LAN-' ~ idx ~ '-' ~ hostname) | ansible.builtin.to_uuid }}"
   ansible.builtin.template:
     src: network.j2
diff --git a/roles/configuration/templates/network.j2 b/roles/configuration/templates/network.j2
index 8b2ffb3..68f84f5 100644
--- a/roles/configuration/templates/network.j2
+++ b/roles/configuration/templates/network.j2
@@ -3,12 +3,18 @@ id=LAN-{{ idx }}
 uuid={{ configuration_net_uuid }}
 type=ethernet
 autoconnect-priority=10
-{% if configuration_iface_name | length > 0 %}
-interface-name={{ configuration_iface_name }}
-{% endif %}
-
-[ipv4]
 {% set iface = configuration_iface %}
+{% if iface.name | default('') | string | length %}
+interface-name={{ iface.name }}
+
+{% else %}
+{# Bind the first available ethernet by name glob, never a MAC: a clone with a new adapter/MAC stays networked (#12). #}
+
+[match]
+interface-name=en*;eth*;
+
+{% endif %}
+[ipv4]
 {% set dns_list = configuration_dns_list %}
 {% set search_list = configuration_dns_search %}
 {% if iface.ip | default('') | string | length %}
diff --git a/roles/configuration/templates/network_eni.j2 b/roles/configuration/templates/network_eni.j2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25dbacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/roles/configuration/templates/network_eni.j2
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+auto lo
+iface lo inet loopback
+
+{% for iface in system_cfg.network.interfaces %}
+{% set ifname = iface.name if (iface.name | default('') | string | length) else (configuration_eni_detected[loop.index0] | default('eth' ~ loop.index0)) %}
+auto {{ ifname }}
+{% if iface.ip | default('') | string | length %}
+iface {{ ifname }} inet static
+    address {{ iface.ip }}/{{ iface.prefix }}
+{% if iface.gateway | default('') | string | length %}
+    gateway {{ iface.gateway }}
+{% endif %}
+{% if loop.index0 == 0 and configuration_dns_list %}
+    dns-nameservers {{ configuration_dns_list | join(' ') }}
+{% endif %}
+{% if loop.index0 == 0 and configuration_dns_search %}
+    dns-search {{ configuration_dns_search | join(' ') }}
+{% endif %}
+{% else %}
+iface {{ ifname }} inet dhcp
+{% endif %}
+
+{% endfor %}
diff --git a/roles/configuration/templates/network_netplan.j2 b/roles/configuration/templates/network_netplan.j2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59e95ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/roles/configuration/templates/network_netplan.j2
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+network:
+  version: 2
+  ethernets:
+{% for iface in system_cfg.network.interfaces %}
+    lan{{ loop.index0 }}:
+{# Unnamed binds the first ethernet by name glob (e* = en*/eth*, netplan match.name takes one glob), never a MAC (#12). #}
+      match:
+        name: "{{ iface.name if (iface.name | default('') | string | length) else 'e*' }}"
+{% if iface.ip | default('') | string | length %}
+      addresses:
+        - {{ iface.ip }}/{{ iface.prefix }}
+{% if iface.gateway | default('') | string | length %}
+      routes:
+        - to: default
+          via: {{ iface.gateway }}
+{% endif %}
+{% else %}
+      dhcp4: true
+{% endif %}
+{% if loop.index0 == 0 and (configuration_dns_list or configuration_dns_search) %}
+      nameservers:
+{% if configuration_dns_list %}
+        addresses: [{{ configuration_dns_list | join(', ') }}]
+{% endif %}
+{% if configuration_dns_search %}
+        search: [{{ configuration_dns_search | join(', ') }}]
+{% endif %}
+{% endif %}
+{% endfor %}
diff --git a/roles/configuration/templates/network_networkd.j2 b/roles/configuration/templates/network_networkd.j2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b6ade4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/roles/configuration/templates/network_networkd.j2
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[Match]
+{% set iface = configuration_iface %}
+{% if iface.name | default('') | string | length %}
+Name={{ iface.name }}
+{% else %}
+{# First available ethernet by name glob + device type, never a MAC (#12). #}
+Name=en* eth*
+Type=ether
+{% endif %}
+
+[Network]
+{% if iface.ip | default('') | string | length %}
+Address={{ iface.ip }}/{{ iface.prefix }}
+{% if iface.gateway | default('') | string | length %}
+Gateway={{ iface.gateway }}
+{% endif %}
+{% else %}
+DHCP=yes
+{% endif %}
+{% if idx | int == 0 and configuration_dns_list %}
+{% for dns in configuration_dns_list %}
+DNS={{ dns }}
+{% endfor %}
+{% if configuration_dns_search %}
+Domains={{ configuration_dns_search | join(' ') }}
+{% endif %}
+{% endif %}